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Antibiotics vs. Antivirals: What’s the Best Treatment?

Antibiotics are increasingly prescribed for a number of illnesses. Their use has become so prevalent that it’s not uncommon for someone to stock up before a vacation just in case an illness presents itself. Depending on the type of illness an antiviral might be a better treatment option. However, these two types of medications are designed to combat different pathogens and are not interchangeable. 

Below, we explain the difference between antibiotics and antivirals and clarify their uses so that you can know when it’s best to use one or the other. 

What Are Antibiotics?

Two main types of germs cause infection: bacteria and viruses. Antibiotics are medications specifically designed to treat bacterial infections. They work by either killing bacteria or preventing them from reproducing. Since antibiotics target bacteria, they are ineffective against viruses (such as the flu).

They can be used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, including:

• Strep throat
• Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
• Certain types of pneumonia
• Bacterial sinus infections

When Should You Take Antibiotics?

Though it may be tempting to stock up ahead of your next illness, antibiotics should only be taken when prescribed by a healthcare professional for a confirmed bacterial infection. Misusing antibiotics, such as taking them for a viral infection like the flu, can contribute to antibiotic resistance, making bacteria harder to treat in the future.

What Are Antivirals?

Antivirals are medications designed to treat viral infections. They work by inhibiting the development of the virus rather than killing it outright. Antivirals can help reduce the severity and duration of a viral infection but are ineffective against bacterial infections.

Some of the most common viral infections treated with antivirals include:

• Influenza (the flu)
• Herpes simplex virus (cold sores and genital herpes)
• HIV
• Hepatitis B and C

When Should You Take Antivirals?

Antivirals should be taken as prescribed by a healthcare professional. For example, if you have the flu, taking an antiviral like oseltamivir (Tamiflu) within the first 48 hours of symptom onset can significantly reduce the severity and duration of your illness. 

Key Differences Between Antibiotics and Antivirals

• Antibiotics target bacteria, while antivirals target viruses.
• Antibiotics kill bacteria or inhibit their growth, whereas antivirals inhibit the replication of viruses.
• Antibiotics are used for bacterial infections, while antivirals are used for viral infections.

When to Consider Antivirals for the Flu

Since a virus causes the flu, antibiotics are completely ineffective against it. Not only will taking antibiotics for the flu fail to alleviate any of your symptoms but it also contributes to the growing problem of antibiotic resistance. This makes it more difficult to treat bacterial infections in the future.

If you catch the flu, antivirals can be beneficial when taken within the first few days of experiencing symptoms. Antivirals like oseltamivir (Tamiflu) can reduce flu symptoms and shorten the duration of the illness if taken within the first 48 hours of symptom onset.

Knowing the difference between antibiotics and antivirals can help you get the proper treatment for your illness. Consider antiviral medications if prescribed for the flu, and, most importantly, get a flu shot each year to protect yourself and others. For more information on where to find a flu shot and other flu prevention tips, visit our website or contact your healthcare provider. 

Learn More About Families Fighting Flu

Families Fighting Flu (FFF), a national, nonprofit advocacy organization dedicated to honoring loved ones who have suffered serious medical complications or died from influenza, commemorates 20 years of advocacy protecting children, families, and all communities from the flu. Our 20th anniversary is a testament to our dedication and enduring efforts to protect families. It is also a sobering reminder that we are not done yet.

In sharing personal stories, FFF strives to increase awareness about the seriousness of the flu, reduce the number of hospitalizations and deaths each year, drive up vaccination rates for everyone six months and older, and encourage symptomatic individuals to get tested and receive appropriate treatment. Learn more about our mission and resources here so that you can empower your family to stay healthy this flu season.

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